Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative

Tree Phenology Monitoring: Bud development: Yearly Averages of Sugar Maple Bud Development Stages

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Metadata Provider

  • Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative

    • Address:
      705 Spear Street
      South Burlington, Vermont 05403
      United States of America

      Phone: (802) 391-4135
      Email: femc@uvm.edu
      Website: www.uvm.edu/femc

Abstract

    Determine the relationship between the timing of bud development at different levels in the canopy (upper, lower and regeneration).Establish a baseline for the timing and duration of bud development on hardwood trees. Annual measurements of tree phenology to establish the timing of developmental events and trends, especially as they relate to changes in weather or insect and disease occurrence.

People

  • Joshua Halman: Principal Investigator

  • Michael Johnson: Content Provider

  • Tom Simmons: Content Provider

  • Sandra Wilmot: Principal Investigator

  • Sean Lawson: Content Provider

  • Dan Dillner: Content Provider

Keywords

  • bud burst, canopies, elevation, sugar maple,

Geographic Coverage

  • Coordinates
    • -72.865715, 44.525266
    • -72.82626, 44.525266
    • -72.82626, 44.532476
    • -72.865715, 44.532476
    • -72.865715, 44.525266

Data Table

  • Title: Yearly Averages of Sugar Maple Bud Development Stages
  • Start Date: 1991-01-01
  • Description: Annual averages of sugar maple bud development

  • Purpose: Determine the relationship between the timing of bud development at different levels in the canopy and establish a baseline for the timing and duration of bud development on hardwood trees.

  • Condensed Title: Z0013_SugarMaple_BudDevelopment_PMRC

  • Object Name: VMC.13.336

  • Data Type: mySQL
  • Citation: Halman, J., and S. Wilmot. 2017. Yearly Averages of Sugar Maple Bud Development Stages. Vermont Department of Forests, Parks & Recreation. FEMC. Can be found at: https://www.uvm.edu/femc/data/archive/project/tree-phenology-monitoring-bud-development/dataset/yearly-averages-sugar-maple-bud-development

  • Online Distribution: https://vmc.w3.uvm.edu/vmcdevel/data/archive/project/tree-phenology-monitoring-bud-development/dataset/yearly-averages-sugar-maple-bud-development

Attribute List

    Attribute Name: Year
    • Label: Year
    • Description: Year of observation
    • Storage Type: datetime
    • Measurment Type: datetime
    • String Format: YYYY
    Attribute Name: day79
    • Label: Day 79 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 79
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day80
    • Label: Day 80 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 80
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day81
    • Label: Day 81 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 81
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day82
    • Label: Day 82 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 82
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day83
    • Label: Day 83 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 83
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day84
    • Label: Day 84 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 84
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day85
    • Label: Day 85 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 85
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day86
    • Label: Day 86 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 86
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day87
    • Label: Day 87 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 87
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day88
    • Label: Day 88 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 88
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day89
    • Label: Day 89 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 89
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day90
    • Label: Day 90 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 90
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day91
    • Label: Day 91 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 91
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day92
    • Label: Day 92 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 92
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day93
    • Label: Day 93 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 93
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day94
    • Label: Day 94 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 94
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day95
    • Label: Day 95 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 95
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day96
    • Label: Day 96 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 96
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day97
    • Label: Day 97 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 97
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day98
    • Label: Day 98 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 98
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day99
    • Label: Day 99 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 99
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day100
    • Label: Day 100 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 100
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day101
    • Label: Day 101 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 101
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day102
    • Label: Day 102 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 102
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day103
    • Label: Day 103 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 103
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day104
    • Label: Day 104 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 104
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day105
    • Label: Day 105 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 105
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day106
    • Label: Day 106 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 106
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day107
    • Label: Day 107 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 107
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day108
    • Label: Day 108 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 108
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day109
    • Label: Day 109 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 109
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day110
    • Label: Day 110 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 110
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day111
    • Label: Day 111 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 111
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day112
    • Label: Day 112 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 112
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day113
    • Label: Day 113 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 113
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day114
    • Label: Day 114 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 114
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day115
    • Label: Day 115 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 115
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day116
    • Label: Day 116 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 116
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day117
    • Label: Day 117 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 117
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day118
    • Label: Day 118 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 118
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day119
    • Label: Day 119 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 119
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day120
    • Label: Day 120 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 120
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day121
    • Label: Day 121 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 121
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day122
    • Label: Day 122 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 122
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day123
    • Label: Day 123 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 123
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day124
    • Label: Day 124 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 124
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day125
    • Label: Day 125 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 125
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day126
    • Label: Day 126 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 126
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day127
    • Label: Day 127 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 127
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day128
    • Label: Day 128 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 128
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day129
    • Label: Day 129 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 129
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day130
    • Label: Day 130 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 130
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day131
    • Label: Day 131 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 131
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day132
    • Label: Day 132 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 132
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day133
    • Label: Day 133 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 133
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day134
    • Label: Day 134 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 134
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day135
    • Label: Day 135 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 135
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day136
    • Label: Day 136 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 136
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day137
    • Label: Day 137 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 137
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day138
    • Label: Day 138 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 138
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day139
    • Label: Day 139 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 139
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day140
    • Label: Day 140 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 140
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day141
    • Label: Day 141 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 141
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day142
    • Label: Day 142 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 142
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day143
    • Label: Day 143 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 143
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day144
    • Label: Day 144 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 144
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day145
    • Label: Day 145 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 145
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day146
    • Label: Day 146 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 146
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day147
    • Label: Day 147 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 147
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day148
    • Label: Day 148 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 148
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day149
    • Label: Day 149 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 149
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal
    Attribute Name: day150
    • Label: Day 150 stage
    • Description: Average bud development stage on day-of-year 150
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ordinal

Methods

  • Current Methods
    • Recording and monitoring methods
      • Method Description: Developmental stages for sugar maple are recorded based on a published guide. Guidelines for monitoring developmental stages for other species were developed as part of this project.

    • Specimens
      • Started: 1991-04-01
      • Method Description: Five healthy dominant or codominat trees and five saplings used as replicates.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1991-04-01
      • Method Description: Sugar maple monitored at Proctor Maple Research Center.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1992-04-01
      • Method Description: Three hardwood species (sugar maple, yellow birch and American beech) monitored at two elevations (1400 and 2200 ft.)

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1995-04-01
      • Method Description: Red maple and white ash added in 1995, at 1400 ft., only.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1996-04-01
      • Method Description: Upper elevation site discontinued.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1996-04-01
      • Method Description: Yellow birch and American beech monitoring discontinued in 1996.

    • Visual ratings
      • Started: 1991-04-01
      • Method Description: Visual ratings of bud development are made twice weekly on each tree and sapling using a high powered spotting scope. Developmental stages are recorded for 10 buds per tree. Flower bud development is recorded separately from vegetative buds.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Method Description: Added data collection from randomly selected regeneration of each species to compare to permanently marked regen. Plan is to replace the permanently marked regen with random sampling in the future.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 2003-04-01
      • Method Description: Only sugar maple trees are monitored; discontinued red maple and white ash.


  • Past Methods (no longer in use)
    • Developmental ratings
      • Started: 1991-04-01
        Ended: 1994-06-15
      • Method Description: Upper and lower canopy developmental ratings recorded separately.

Sampling Equipment

  • Current Equipment
    • Spotting scope
      • Started: 1992-04-01
      • Sampling Description: 45 X spotting scope. Photographic Guide as standard.

Site Characteristics

  • Site Description: Upper elevation site (2200 ft.) in the Underhill State Park.



  • Site Description: West slope of Mount Mansfield in the Browns River watershed. Low elevation (1400 ft.) at the Proctor Maple Research Center.