Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative

Tree Phenology Monitoring: Bud development: Bud Phenology 1992 - 2003

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Metadata Provider

  • Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative

    • Address:
      705 Spear Street
      South Burlington, Vermont 05403
      United States of America

      Phone: (802) 391-4135
      Email: femc@uvm.edu
      Website: www.uvm.edu/femc

Abstract

    Determine the relationship between the timing of bud development at different levels in the canopy (upper, lower and regeneration).Establish a baseline for the timing and duration of bud development on hardwood trees. Annual measurements of tree phenology to establish the timing of developmental events and trends, especially as they relate to changes in weather or insect and disease occurrence.

People

  • Joshua Halman: Principal Investigator

  • Michael Johnson: Content Provider

  • Tom Simmons: Content Provider

  • Sandra Wilmot: Principal Investigator

  • Sean Lawson: Content Provider

  • Dan Dillner: Content Provider

Keywords

  • canopies, phenology, sugar maple,

Geographic Coverage

  • Coordinates
    • -72.865715, 44.525266
    • -72.82626, 44.525266
    • -72.82626, 44.532476
    • -72.865715, 44.532476
    • -72.865715, 44.525266

Data Table

  • Title: Bud Phenology 1992 - 2003
  • Start Date: 1992-04-07
  • End Date: 2003-05-23
  • Description: Measurement of hardwood species spring phenological stages at Proctor Maple Research Center, Underhill, VT

  • Purpose: Determine the relationship between the timing of bud development at different levels in the canopy and establish a baseline for the timing and duration of bud development on hardwood trees.

  • Condensed Title: Z0013_BudPhen92_03

  • Object Name: VMC.13.14

  • Data Type: mySQL
  • Citation: Halman J., and S. Wilmot. 2003. Bud Phenology 1992 - 2003. Can be found at: https://www.uvm.edu/femc/data/archive/project/tree-phenology-monitoring-bud-development/dataset/bud-phenology-1992-2003

  • Online Distribution: https://vmc.w3.uvm.edu/vmcdevel/data/archive/project/tree-phenology-monitoring-bud-development/dataset/bud-phenology-1992-2003

Attribute List

    Attribute Name: Date
    • Label: Sample Date
    • Description: Date when sample was collected
    • Storage Type: datetime
    • Measurment Type: datetime
    • String Format: YYYY-MM-DD
    Attribute Name: VMC Site
    • Label: Site of Sampling
    • Description: Name of the site of data collection
    • Storage Type: text
    • Measurment Type: nominal
    Attribute Name: Year
    • Label: Year
    • Description: Year that data was collected
    • Storage Type: int
    • Measurment Type: interval
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: integer
    Attribute Name: Species
    • Label: Species Name
    • Description: Latin (scientific) name of the species
    • Storage Type: text
    • Measurment Type: nominal
    • Species List: Bud Phenology 1992 - 2003 Species Codes
      • Code: SM
        • Definition: ITIS #28731, sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
      • Code: YB
        • Definition: ITIS #19481, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
      • Code: BE
        • Definition: ITIS #19462, American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
      • Code: RM
        • Definition: ITIS #28728, red maple (Acer rubrum)
      • Code: WA
        • Definition: ITIS #32931, white ash (Fraxinus americana)
    Attribute Name: Elevation
    • Label: Elevation of Site
    • Description: Elevation of the sampling site on Mt. Mansfield
    • Storage Type: int
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: foot
    • Precision: 100
    • Unit: foot
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Day of Year
    • Label: Day of Year (DOY)
    • Description: Day of the calendar year when data was collected
    • Storage Type: int
    • Measurment Type: interval
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: integer
    Attribute Name: Upper Canopy Tree 1
    • Label: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage on tree 1
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Upper Canopy Tree 2
    • Label: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage on tree 2
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Upper Canopy Tree 3
    • Label: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage on tree 3
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Upper Canopy Tree 4
    • Label: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage on tree 4
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Upper Canopy Tree 5
    • Label: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Upper Canopy Developmental Stage on tree 5
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Upper Canopy Average
    • Label: Upper Canopy Developmental Average
    • Description: Upper Canopy Developmental Average of 5 trees
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.01
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Lower Canopy Tree 1
    • Label: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage of Tree 1
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Lower Canopy Tree 2
    • Label: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage of Tree 2
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Lower Canopy Tree 3
    • Label: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage of Tree 3
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Lower Canopy Tree 4
    • Label: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage of Tree 4
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Lower Canopy Tree 5
    • Label: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage
    • Description: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage of Tree 5
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Lower Canopy Average
    • Label: Lower Canopy Developmental Average
    • Description: Lower Canopy Developmental Stage Average of 5 trees
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.01
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Regeneration Tree 1
    • Label: Regeneration Developmental Stage
    • Description: Regeneration Developmental Stage on sapling 1
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Regeneration Tree 2
    • Label: Regeneration Developmental Stage
    • Description: Regeneration Developmental Stage on sapling 2
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Regeneration Tree 3
    • Label: Regeneration Developmental Stage
    • Description: Regeneration Developmental Stage on sapling 3
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Regeneration Tree 4
    • Label: Regeneration Developmental Stage
    • Description: Regeneration Developmental Stage on sapling 4
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Regeneration Tree 5
    • Label: Regeneration Developmental Stage
    • Description: Regeneration Developmental Stage on sapling 5
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.1
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real
    Attribute Name: Regeneration Average
    • Label: Average Regeneration Development
    • Description: Regeneration Development Stage Average of 5 saplings
    • Storage Type: decimal
    • Measurment Type: ratio
    • Standard Unit: number
    • Precision: 0.01
    • Unit: number
    • Number Type: real

Methods

  • Current Methods
    • Recording and monitoring methods
      • Method Description: Developmental stages for sugar maple are recorded based on a published guide. Guidelines for monitoring developmental stages for other species were developed as part of this project.

    • Specimens
      • Started: 1991-04-01
      • Method Description: Five healthy dominant or codominat trees and five saplings used as replicates.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1991-04-01
      • Method Description: Sugar maple monitored at Proctor Maple Research Center.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1992-04-01
      • Method Description: Three hardwood species (sugar maple, yellow birch and American beech) monitored at two elevations (1400 and 2200 ft.)

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1995-04-01
      • Method Description: Red maple and white ash added in 1995, at 1400 ft., only.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1996-04-01
      • Method Description: Upper elevation site discontinued.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 1996-04-01
      • Method Description: Yellow birch and American beech monitoring discontinued in 1996.

    • Visual ratings
      • Started: 1991-04-01
      • Method Description: Visual ratings of bud development are made twice weekly on each tree and sapling using a high powered spotting scope. Developmental stages are recorded for 10 buds per tree. Flower bud development is recorded separately from vegetative buds.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Method Description: Added data collection from randomly selected regeneration of each species to compare to permanently marked regen. Plan is to replace the permanently marked regen with random sampling in the future.

    • Unnamed Method
      • Started: 2003-04-01
      • Method Description: Only sugar maple trees are monitored; discontinued red maple and white ash.


  • Past Methods (no longer in use)
    • Developmental ratings
      • Started: 1991-04-01
        Ended: 1994-06-15
      • Method Description: Upper and lower canopy developmental ratings recorded separately.

Sampling Equipment

  • Current Equipment
    • Spotting scope
      • Started: 1992-04-01
      • Sampling Description: 45 X spotting scope. Photographic Guide as standard.

Site Characteristics

  • Site Description: Upper elevation site (2200 ft.) in the Underhill State Park.



  • Site Description: West slope of Mount Mansfield in the Browns River watershed. Low elevation (1400 ft.) at the Proctor Maple Research Center.