Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative(802) 656-0683femc@uvm.eduwww.uvm.edu/femc705 Spear StreetSouth BurlingtonVermont05403United States of AmericaNortheastern States Research Cooperative funderUniversity of Vermont Plant and Soil ScienceleadLong-term Managed Forest Soil Monitoring for Carbon and NutrientsOngoing forest soil monitoring is essential for understanding the impact of human activities. With funding from the Northern States Research Cooperative, we established 18 plots in Vermont's managed forests. Most are located in federal, state and town forests, parks and management areas. The initial primary focus was on soil carbon, which serves as a major reservoir for carbon storage in forests. Initial soil sampling was done in 2008/2009, along with measurement of aboveground biomass. In 2012/2013 we resampled to determine earthworm numbers and species, and also performed a detailed land-use history of each site. In addition, four sites were resampled to assess the impact of partial harvesting on carbon in the forest floor. We hope that these plots will continue to provide a good baseline for future work.Long-term Managed Forest Soil Monitoring for Carbon and NutrientsJuilleratJulietteWilmotSandraBurtNancyCogbillCharlieVillarsThomasBaileyScottRossDonaldBrynnDavidAlvesCarolineKnowlesMeghan BriggsJeff ThortonLisa GörresJosefAdairCaroltimber harvestlong term monitoringsoil carbonforest managementvermontearthwormsSoil exchangeable cations 2008-20092008-05-01Exchangeable cation concentrations and pools from the three soil pits at each site. For detailed methods please see Ross et al. Forest Ecology and Management 489 (2021) 119049. The cations measured were Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, K+ and Na+. Iron and manganese in the extraction (1 molar ammonium chloride) were also determined. The spreadsheet includes the soil horizon designations and their depths, total organic carbon and nitrogen, and a calculated bulk density to convert concentrations to pools. Please see the notes/comments associated with column labels.20240321091312_Soil exchangeable cations 2008-2009.xlsxVMC.1158.3950mySQLhttps://vmc.w3.uvm.edu/vmcdevel/CI4/data/archive/project/Soil_Carbon_Monitoring/dataset/soil-exchangeable-cations-2008-2009SiteSite abbr.Abbreviation for sitetextD-M-YY-1PitPit numberPit number (1-3). The pits were located at 0, 120, and 240 degrees from the plot center. The coring was performed every 60 degrees; therefore pit 2 was associated with core 3, and pit 3 associated with core 5.intD-M-YY-1HorizonSoil horizon identificationSimple soil horizon id. B horizons were often not further identified in the field, e.g. as Bh, Bhs, Bs, or Bw.textD-M-YY-1Horz#Soil horizon numberingFor sorting purposes, each horizon type was given a number: Oa=1, A=2, E=3, B=4, C=6 (not sure what happended to 5)textD-M-YY-1upper_bound__(cm)Upper boundary depthUpper boundary depth of the horizon. Zero was assigned to the top of the Oa, if present, or A.decimallower_bound__(cm)Lower boundary depth of the horizonLower boundary depth of the horizon. Zero was assigned to the top of the Oa, if present, or AdecimalD-M-YY-1deeper_than_lower?Soil deeper than lower boundary?A plus sign next to the lowest boundary in a soil profile indicates that the soil was deeper than this boundary depthtextD-M-YY-1Al__cmolc/kgExchangeable aluminumExchangeable aluminum (Al3+) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalD-M-YY-1Ca__cmolc/kgExchangeable calciumExchangeable calcium (Ca2+) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalMg__cmolc/kgExchangeable magnesiumExchangeable magnesium (Mg2+) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalD-M-YY-1K__cmolc/kgExchangeable potassiumExchangeable potassium (K+) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalD-M-YY-1Na__cmolc/kgExchangeable sodiumExchangeable sodium (Na+) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalD-M-YY-1Fe__cmol/kgExtractable ironExtractable iron (Fe) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalD-M-YY-1Mn__cmol/kgExtractable manganeseExtractable manganese (Mn) determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extractiondecimalD-M-YY-1Carbon_(%)Total organic carbonOrganic carbon determined by elemental analyzerdecimalD-M-YY-1Nitrogen_(%)Total nitrogenTotal nitrogen determined by elemental analyzer. The instrument calibration was off for the lower concentrations and values of 0.10% or lower were set as missing data (.)decimalD-M-YY-1Bulk_density_from_JJBulk density calculated by siteBulk density calculated using an individual equation developed by Juliette Juillerat for each site from the bulk densities core of increment samples. Carbon not used in the equation.decimalD-M-YY-1Bulk_Density_with_JJ_overall_equationBulk density calculated by single equationBulk density calculated using an equation developed by Juliette Juillerat for all sites combined from the bulk densities core of increment samples. Carbon not used in the equation. BD =0.07229+0.41609*ln(midpoint of horizon depth in cm))decimalD-M-YY-1Bulk_Density_from_W3_equationBulk density calculated from organic carbonFrom an equation developed in Watershed 3 of Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest that uses carbon. Not published. BD =1.4-0.756*log(org-C in %)decimalD-M-YY-1BD_chosenBulk density used to calculate cation poolsIf the upper boundary was less than 10 cm, the equation with organic carbon was used. If not, the overall equation was used (developed from all 18 sites and based on the midpoint depth of the horizon). The shallow, high-carbon horizons were better suited to the equation using carbon.decimalD-M-YY-1Mass_per_m2_(kg)Mass per m2 (kg)The mass of the soil horizon per square meter, calculated from bulk density and horizon thickness. Used to calculate poolsdecimalThickness_of_horizon_(m)Thickness of horizon (m)The lower boudary minus the upper boundary, expressed in meters. Used to calculate pools.decimalD-M-YY-1Mass_per_m2_from_15x15_frameMass per m2 from 15x15 frameThe weight of the horizon sampled in a 15x15 cm frame. This was used in place of the calculated mass where feasible because it was deemed more accurate. Usually the average from three frames sampled adjacent to the soil pit.decimalD-M-YY-1Al__cmolc/m2Exchangeable aluminum cmolc/m2Exchangeable aluminum (Al3+) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1Ca__cmolc/m2Exchangeable calcium cmolc/m2Exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1Mg__cmolc/m2Exchangeable magnesium cmolc/m2Exchangeable magnesium (Mg2+) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1K__cmolc/m2Exchangeable potassium cmolc/m2Exchangeable potassium (K+) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1Na__cmolc/m2Exchangeable sodium cmolc/m2Exchangeable sodium (Na+) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1Fe_cmol/m2Extractable iron cmol/m2Extractable iron (Fe) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1Mn_cmol/m2Extractable manganese cmol/m2Extractable manganese (Mn) pool calculated from concentration (determined with a 1 molar ammonium chloride extraction) and mass per square meter.decimalD-M-YY-1